What is Spiritism?

Spiritism is the doctrine revealed by Superior Spirits through mediums, and organized (codified) in the 19th century by a French educator, Allan Kardec.

 According to Allan Kardec, Spiritism is composed of three main aspects: Science, Philosophy and Religion. These three aspects are interwoven to provide a comprehensive understanding of the spiritual and material worlds, guiding individuals towards moral and spiritual growth.

Who was Allan Kardec?

Allan Kardec was the pen name of Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail, a French educator, translator, and author who is best known as the founder of Spiritism. During the 1850s in Paris, Kardec studied unexplained phenomena, including the famous “turning-tables” phenomenon. He concluded that these occurrences were often orchestrated by intelligences (spirits) who sought to communicate with the living.

Kardec’s investigation with these spirits led to the publication of “The Spirits’ Book” in 1857, marking the emergence of Spiritism as a spiritualist philosophy.

His works blended scientific skepticism, philosophy, and religion, emphasizing reason and empirical analysis.

Kardec continued to contribute to Spiritism through additional books, such as “The Mediums’ Book,” “The Gospel According to Spiritism,” “Heaven and Hell,” and “The Genesis” before his passing in 1869.

His legacy endures as Spiritism continues to evolve and grow, guided by spiritual mentors in our collective pursuit of understanding and progress.

Early Life and Education

·    Birth: He was born on October 3, 1804, in Lyon, France.

·    Education: Rivail was well-educated, studying under the renowned Swiss educator Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. He became fluent in several languages and was deeply interested in philosophy and the sciences.

Career and Contributions

·    Educator and Author: Before his involvement with Spiritism, Rivail was a respected educator and author. He wrote several books on education and was involved in various scholarly societies.

·    Spiritism: In the 1850s, Rivail began studying mediumistic phenomena, which were popular in Paris and in New York (see Fox sisters) at the time. He compiled and analysed messages from spirits communicated through mediums, leading to the development of Spiritism.

·    Books: Allan Kardec authored five foundational texts that collectively form the Spiritist Codification. This is a list of them in chronological order:

1.   The Spirits’ Book (1857)

This is the cornerstone of Spiritism, presented in a question-and-answer format. It covers the nature of spirits, the afterlife, and the moral laws governing the universe.

Key Sections:

·    The Primary Causes: Discusses God, the creation of the universe, and the origin of spirits.

·    The Spirit World: Explores different types of spirits and their interactions with the material world.

·    Moral Laws: Outlines ethical guidelines for spiritual progression.

·    Hopes and Consolations: Provides insights into the afterlife, reincarnation, and the destiny of spirits.

2.   The Mediums’ Book (1861)

A practical guide for mediums and those interested in spirit communication. It details methods, challenges, and ethical guidelines for mediumship.

Key Topics:

·    Types of mediumships: Describes various forms of spirit communication, such as psychography and clairvoyance.

·    Developing mediumship: Techniques for practicing mediumistic abilities.

·    Dangers and pitfalls: Warnings against potential dangers and fraud.

·    Spirit influence: Explains how spirits influence the living.

3.   The Gospel According to Spiritism (1864)

Interprets the moral teachings of Jesus Christ through the lens of Spiritism, emphasizing virtuous living and spiritual growth.

Key Sections:

·    The moral laws: Explores on Jesus’s teachings and their relevance to Spiritist philosophy.

·    Charity and love: Highlights the importance of charity and love in spiritual development.

·    Forgiveness and redemption: Discusses principles of forgiveness and redemption.

·    Spiritual teachings: Presents messages from spirits that clarify Jesus’s teachings.

4.   Heaven and Hell (1865)

Explores the nature of the afterlife, the fate of spirits, and the moral consequences of human actions.

Key Sections:

·    The principle of eternal punishment: Critiques the concept of eternal damnation.

·    The spirit world: Describes the conditions of spirits in various states of moral development.

·    Case studies: Provides examples of spirits in different conditions to illustrate the principles discussed.

5.   The Genesis According to Spiritism (1868)

Examines the origins of the universe, life, and humanity from a Spiritist perspective, integrating scientific and spiritual insights.

Key Sections:

·    Miracles and predictions: Analyses biblical miracles and prophecies through Spiritist teachings.

·    Creation and evolution: Discusses the creation of the world and the evolution of life.

·    The role of spirits: Explains the influence of spirits in the natural world.

These books provide a comprehensive guide to understanding the spirit world and its influence on our lives.

Other works published by Allan Kardec

In addition to the five foundational books of Spiritism, Allan Kardec authored several other important works and periodicals: 

What is Spiritism? (1859)

This book serves as an introduction to Spiritism, explaining its principles and addressing common questions and misconceptions. It is structured as a dialogue between Kardec and various interlocutors, making it accessible to newcomers.

Spiritist Review (Revue Spirite)

A monthly periodical founded by Kardec in 1858, which he edited until his death in 1869. The journal includes articles, case studies, and reports on Spiritist phenomena, as well as responses to critics and updates on the Spiritist movement. This work is continued by the International Spiritist Council until today. Copies of those magazines are also available on-line free of charge via the Brazilian Federation of Spiritism (Federacao Espirita Brasileira).

Posthumous Works (1890)

Published after Kardec’s death, this collection includes unpublished writings, notes, and essays that provide further insights into his thoughts and the development of Spiritism.

Spiritism in its Simplest Expression (1862)

A concise pamphlet that outlines the basic tenets of Spiritism in a straightforward manner. It is designed to be an easy-to-understand introduction for those new to the philosophy.

Obsession (1868)

This work addresses the phenomenon of spiritual obsession, where a spirit exerts a negative influence over an individual. Kardec explores the causes, effects, and methods of overcoming such influences.

These additional works by Allan Kardec provide a deeper understanding of Spiritism and its applications. They complement the foundational texts and offer valuable insights into the philosophy and practice of Spiritism.

Legacy

·    Influence: Kardec’s works laid the foundation for Spiritism, which has since grown into a global movement. His teachings emphasize the moral and intellectual development of the soul through reincarnation and the continuous interaction between the material and spiritual worlds.

·    Death: Allan Kardec passed away on March 31, 1869, in Paris, France. He is buried in the Père Lachaise Cemetery.

Allan Kardec’s contributions have had a lasting impact on spiritual and philosophical thought, particularly in the areas of life after death, reincarnation, and the moral evolution of the soul.